初中宾语从句形式

初中宾语从句形式 什么是宾语从句,分哪几种情况?

什么叫宾语从句,分哪些具体情况?

什么是宾语从句,分哪几种情况?

什么叫宾语从句,分哪些具体情况?

在复合句中,有一个句子当做宾语,这个句子称为宾语从句。正确引导宾语从句最常见的关联词有that, if, whether, who, what, which, when, where, why和how等。

宾语从句分三种情况:that(在英语口语或非正规文体活动中常会省去)/ if, whether(在英语口语中常见if)/who, what, which, when, where, why和how等。

宾语从句“三个三”(三种类型、三个步骤和三点留意)

初三学生备考宾语从句,应抓住关键。假如理解了下列三点,定能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、 三种类型

宾语从句一共有三种类型:

1. that引导的宾语从句(陈述句变宾从)。

如:He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday.

2. if/whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句变宾从)。

如:Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?

3. when, which等联接代词或联接副词( 特殊疑问词)引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句变宾从)。

如:I don’t know how I can get there.

二、 三个步骤

变宾语从句要遵循下列三个步骤:

1. 明确引导词

依据从句的句子类型选择适合的引导词:如从句为陈述句则引导词为that(that在英语口语中常会省去);如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,则引导词为if或whether;如从句是特殊疑问句,则引导词为特殊疑问词自身。

2. 调节词序

宾语从句永远都是陈述句词序。如原话是疑问句,则应调整至陈述句词序。

如:1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know. (改为宾语从句)

I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop.

2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)

Do you know when he gets up?

3. 转换语态

A. 如主句动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则宾语从句结合实际情况用所需的一切语态。

如:1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.

2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.

B. 如主句动词是一般过去时,则宾语从句形容词的语态用过去式的某些类型(如,一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。)。

如:1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon.

2) He said (that) they had a very good journey home.

此外,还需要考虑到标点符号的应用和人称的改变。

A.带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号由主句的句子类型确定,如主句是陈述句,则用句点;如主句是疑问句,则用疑问。

如:1) When do we arrive? We don’t know. (改为宾语从句)

We don’t know when we arrive.

2) What time does the ship leave? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)

Do you know what time the ship leaves?

B.人称变动的原则是“一主、二宾、三不会改变”:需变宾语从句的语句的人称如果是第一人称,则随主句的主语变(主句主语是第几人称,则宾语从句变成第几名人称);如果是第二人称,则随主句的宾语变(主句宾语是第几人称,则宾语从句变成第几名人称);如果是第三人称,则不要变(宾语从句仍用第三人称)。

如:1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句)

He asked me if/whether he would go there.

2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句)

He asked me if/whether I would go there.

3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改为宾语从句)

He asked if/whether she would go there.

三、 三点留意

懂了宾语从句的三种类型和变宾语从句的三个步骤,需注意三种突发情况:

1. 否定的迁移

当主句的形容词为think, believe等时,则宾语从句不可以用否定形式。如宾语从句里面含有否认,那么这个否认要转移至主句中来。

如:1) Chickens can’t swim, I think. (改为宾语从句)

I don’t think (that) chickens can swim.

2) It won’t rain. I think.. (改为宾语从句)

I don’t think (that) it will rain.

2. 语态不会改变

当主句形容词为过去式,而宾语从句讲述了普遍性客观事实或科学真理等时,则语态不会改变。

如:1)The earth goes around the sun. The teacher said. (改为宾语从句)

The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

2) Light travels much faster than sound. The scientist said . (改为宾语从句)

The scientist said (that) light travels much faster than sound.

3.“两付脸孔”

if和when既可以正确引导宾语从句,又可正确引导状语从句。因而,遇到此种情况要认清其一种方式的“两付脸孔”,进而详细情况,实际看待。如:

1) I don’t know if/when he will come tomorrow.

2) If/When he comes, you’ll tell me about it.

1) 中的if或when是正确引导宾语从句,它语态结合实际情况用一般将来时;2) 中的if或when是正确引导状语从句,它语态依据状语从句规则用一般现在时替代一般将来时。

此外,还需要注意当主句内含有say to(said to)变宾从时,要将他们变成tell/ask(told/asked)(如宾从是陈述句则用tell/told,如宾从是疑问句则用ask/asked)。如:

1) The teacher said to me, “It is very cold in Moscow.” (改为宾语从句)

The teacher told me (that) it was very cold in Moscow.

2) The teacher said to me, “Does she like the book?” (改为宾语从句)

The teacher asked me if/whether she liked the book.

之上向同学们讲了宾语从句的真谛。在初三英语总复习中只需认真梳理专业知识规律性,科学研究复习计划,提升备考高效率,一定能收到最理想的实际效果,创下优异成绩。

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